al如何应用投资理财领域 求银行方面英文文献,资料

看看

楼上有些答非所问

根据你的情况，

其实现在加拿大技术移民对技术移民所学的专业没有要求，只要你申请时你已有的工作经验和你准备赴加后从事的工作相关就可以。估计你的专业会有几个月的实习，如果是境外实习更好，这些都可以算作你的工作经验，工作经验够一年就有资格申请加拿大技术移民。加拿大移民局对你的本科学历并无更多青睐，倒是专科或者职业学校之类的文凭更被认可，加拿大当地学校也是一样，学士学位常常不如职业证书好找工作。

至于证书，一般只认可你的本科，研究生文凭，但是如果学校不好什么的，他们不认可也是有可能的。

证书的话，有北美或国际抬头的应该会认可，比如北美精算师资格证书啦，北美金融理财师资格证书啦，北美会计资格证啦~

凡是中国抬头的基本都不认可~

去了加拿大，可以考虑加拿大的注册会计师CGA，不过社会生每科好像要6000多的考试费用，很贵。全科通过CGA只需考一门ACCA税法就可以再拿ACCA证了，这两个现在相互认可了。

注意：其实在国外``如果就业的话``毕业正都无所谓的``
有些公司也很倾向选择COLLEGE毕业的学生的``
因为专业性很强``

因为是college所以毕业的证书都是专科``

其实要想读college 我觉得还是读george brown 比较好
因为在down town 什么都比较方便``学校也要比seneca好些``

可以选择下 seneca比较远```
你可以查询下```

希望我说的对你有帮助``

补充：北美精算学会是一个国际性的精算教育和研究机构及其会员的一个学术团体，成立于1949年，总部设在美国伊利诺斯州肖伯格。我国于1987年引入北美精算师考试。北美精算师是目前国际上最具影响力的精算师资格。

北美精算协会的资格考试科目有9门，考试时间在3、4个小时到6个小时不等。参加资格考试最低的一门考试科目也需要100美元，总计大约需要3000美元。考试每年在5月和11月举行两次。要求有大学本科以上学历的才可以报考，在校大学生也可以报考。中国先后在天津、长沙、上海、北京、广州、合肥、西安、深圳设立了8个考点。中山大学岭南学院是广州地区惟一考点。

北美精算师考试内容及考试制度

北美精算师考试制度分为二个阶段：第一阶段是准精算师（ASA）。目前对准精算师的考试要求为300学分。除了100系列的11门课程（复利数学、精算数学等）外，还须通过200系列的4门课程（经济保障计划、精算实务等）。每门课在10至30学分不等。
学员在获得300学分后即成为ASA，之后可继续考FSA课程。ASAl00系列的11门课程的考试均采用英文试卷，选择题形式，考试时间分别为1个半小时至4个小时不等；200系列采用英语书写答题形式。考生是否通过某一门课程考试以及所获得的分数，是到该课程全部试卷批完后，按成绩顺序排列后确定的。

第二阶段是精算师（FSA）。考生在取得准精算师资格证书后方可参加FSA课程考试。目前把精算师的考试课程分为财务、团体与健康保险、个人人寿与健康保险、养老金、投资五个方向，每个方向又分若干门课，每门课学分在10至30分不等。要取得FSA资格必须通过以上一个方向的所有课程考试，以及再选择以上方向的其他课程，使学分达到150分，即学分总计要达到450分。当FSA要素的课程考试全部通过后，考生还要参加最后一门课程：正式精算师认可课程（FAC），其内容主要是职业道德和案例，时间为二天半，一般只要自始至终参加，在结束后的晚宴上会获得FSA证书。

北美精算师协会的考点分布在全世界各个国家和地区，考试每年5月和11月举行两次，考试时间由北美精算师协会确定，世界各地统一，考卷由北美精算师协会提供。

报名及考试地点：南开大学、湖南财经学院、复旦大学、中国人民大学、中山大学、中国科技大学、陕西财经学院、平安总公司

北美精算学会考试课程

准精算师考试：

100系列课程：100微积分和线性代数、110概率论和数理统计、120应用统计、130运筹学、135数值分析、140复利数学、150精算数学、151风险理论、160生存模型和生命表编制、161人口数学、165匀修数学

200系列课程：200经济保障计划概论、210精算实务概论、220资产管理和公司财务概论、230资产和负债管理原理

正精算师的考试课程分为五个方向：

一财务 包括科目：财务管理、公司财务等

二团体和健康保险 包括科目：团体和个人健康保险的设计和*等

三个人人寿和年金保险 包括科目：个人人寿和年金保险的精算实务调查、人寿保险法和税收等

四养老金 包括科目：养老金估价原理I、退休计划设计等

五投资 包括科目：高级资产组合管理等

管理学的入门书籍有很多，个人认为最好的还是《管理者必读12篇》！这本书干货很多，不仅理论知识充盈，也很实战。一本好的管理学入门书籍可以教会你很多东西，都是前人的经验总结，可以让你在短期内迅速积累管理知识与经验，并胜任一般管理工作。

这本书堪称神作，会告诉你如何有效管理员工、管理团队、管理企业及影响他人、提升领导力等等等，需要你自己去发掘哈。

以下为转载的一篇《管理者必读12篇》的读后感：

算起来走上管理岗位已经有好几个年头了，这期间奔着提升自我的目标看过不少企业管理类的书籍，真正值得推荐的还是这本《管理者必读12篇》。

想想那时被逼着去学EMBA，上第一堂课老师弄了个案例讨论就给整蒙了，因为那时自己的管理基础知识基本是零，脑子里基本没有管理的概念。后来自己私下就开始补习，记得是当时一位四川的同学告诉我《管理者必读12篇》这本教材不错，即适合零基础的快速打好基本功又适合有一些实践经验的强化科学管理观。

后来的事实证明，这位同学所赠予我的都是真玉良言！

当初看这本书印象最深刻的就是那种醍醐灌顶之感，才发现自己以前很多管理员工、对待工作的方法都是错误的，才发现原来管理应该这么做，才发现原来身为一名管理者要做这么多专业的事儿……

什么是管理，什么是领导力，什么是绩效，什么是组织，小到如果管理好一个团队，大到如何管理好一家公司，都能从中管中窥豹找到答案。我想，阅读与学习对于一个人最大的帮助莫过于此。

更值得称赞的是，《管理者必读12篇》这本书还不仅仅侧重于管理这门专业的本身。它一方面教会你管理的专业知识，另一方面又无时无刻不忘记指引你拓展除专业技能以外的个人影响力。毕竟，要想成为一名高效的管理者或者说是领导者，达成结果永远都是最重要的目标，而结果远非仅仅依靠专业管理手段的发挥那么简单。我想，这也是《管理者必读12篇》与其他企业管理类书籍最大的区别，可能也正是很多像我一样的管理人喜欢推荐它的原因吧。

人们常说「世上无难事，只怕有心人」，对于企业管理而言又何尝不是如此呢。但是，管理毕竟不同于其他常理性工作（这也是很多管理的门外汉经常掉进的坑，他们对管理学嗤之以鼻，唯心的认为管理就是凭感觉意识流，而事实远非如此，很多能真正起作用的管理方法往往与常理相悖），光凭「有心」距离把事做成还差之甚远。因此提升管理方面的专业技能就显得尤为重要，而对于很多人而言在这条学习的路上倘若能有个明师（mentor）指点往往会事半功倍。

而《管理者必读12篇》正是这样一位值得推荐的明师、一本真正值得推荐的企业管理书籍。

Interest rate marketability and our country State-owned Commercial bank countermeasure

Interest rate marketability connotation

The so-called interest rate marketability, is refers to the money market fund supply and demand both sides independent determination interest rate level interest rate decision mechani* vicissitude process 。Says specifically, the interest rate marketability is refers to the Central Bank to need to regulate the datum interest rate according to the monetary policy, various commercial bank saves the loan interest rate according to the fund market supply and demand change independent adjustment, Finally forms take Central Bank datum interest rate as the guidance, multi-level, can manifest fund supply and demand condition and the reflection Central Bank monetary policy intention interest rate operational mechani* fully。The interest rate marketability emphasis interest rate really reflected the fund cost and the supply-demand relation, effectively display its economical leverage nimbly。

一. Our country interest rate marketability reform existence question
Is opposite says in the Chinese economic reform and the opening to the outside world overall step, the interest rate marketability reform progresses slowly. Looked on the present situation that, our country not yet completely realizes the interest rate marketability, the interest rate control creates the interest rate this important price release lever to receive the serious restraint in the resources disposition aspect function, the interest rate structure distortion. Our country interest rate system marketability degree quite is also low, mainly displays in following several aspects:

1. The interest rate control degree is high, the interest rate level and the structure are incompatible, and the bank independency is restricted. The current our country interest rate policy movement environment controls the interest rate primarily, the interest rate level decision, the difference interest rate policy making and so on the related interest rate each aspect policy all by the government strict control, displays the high planning and closeness.

2. The interest rate level determination has certain subjective blindness; the rate adjustment flexibility is insufficient. At present our country interest rate level decision is makes by the monetary policy committee, the interest rate decision-making power high degree of concentration in the central authorities, the interest rate formulation and the adjustment has the serious time lag effect.

3. Lacks the effective market datum interest rate. On November 1, 2003, the NAP Standing Committee Cheng Sewer, vice chairman of the Forum, said: "The market-oriented interest rates, the key is to set the benchmark interest rate. The benchmark interest rate is determined, in order to determine the interest rate structure, risk structure. No established the benchmark rate, the interest rate market is a empty sentences. "Benchmark rate in the entire interest rate system has played a core role and prevents other interest rates, in a sense, the benchmark interest rate options and determine the interest rate market is the core of the reform steps.

二．Implements the interest rate marketability state-owned commercial bank significance
First, is advantageous to the expansion state-owned commercial bank right of autonomous management, the enhancement competitive power. After the interest rate lets loose, the bank had the independent fixed price power, may use this kind of right to independence and its flexible full display fully. The various countries' reform experience indicated that, after the interest rate marketability, the deposit real interest rate all has the different scope raise. The real interest rate rise will have the positive influence to the deposit, the attraction fund from bank systems and so on the stock market, black market accepts the human bank system, the enhancement commercial bank's competitive power. Next, is advantageous in raises the state-owned commercial bank management level. The interest rate marketability causes the fund price to let loose truly. Price competition between the banks presents the new ball game from this. But the price competition must rise take the low cost fund as the backing. In order to gain the low cost capital source, various bank in the financial product, the marketing strategy, service method general unfolds manager respectively, this will intensify inevitably the competition intense degree, will urge the bank change management way, who will grasp is initiative who to be able to obtain market (In the new situation, the commercial bank guild cared about the interest rate market change situation and the international interest rate undulation tendency, and according to own situation, determines the cost scientifically, formulates the price reasonably, the enhancement economic accounting, strengthens its profit ability. It can be said that, the interest rate marketability reform, the interest rate production mechani* transformation, is to a commercial bank management and operation from inside to outside comprehensive forging. Is once more advantageous in creates a relatively fair competition environment. The interest rate marketability and the money market consummation is a process which complements one another. The developed money market is the interest rate marketability reliable guarantee. Because in the developed consummation money market, the financial tool type is rich, financial main body multi-dimensional, the financing way is diverse, the competition is full, the interest rate can reflect fully the fund price, can guide the resources reasonable disposition, enhances the resources use efficiency. Otherwise, the interest rate marketability can promote the money market development consummation; The money market is the interest rate marketability advancement beginning, also will be carries on the risk management to the interest rate the place, the interest rate system change promotes the money market development. Finally, is advantageous in speeds up the microscopic main body the property right reform, interest rate marketability important condition is the state-owned enterprise and the state-owned commercial bank's property right must be clear. The property right is not clear, is not strong to the interest intrinsic budget restraint, exceeds the time limit the risk responsibility to attenuate, and cannot be keen to the interest rate reflection. At present, our country State-owned Commercial bank and very big part of state-owned enterprise's property right slurred, the interest rate market changed into its reform to provide the power, on objective impelled their property right reform.

三．The interest rate marketability causes the state-owned commercial bank faced with to challenge sternly

The interest rate marketability, is the historical stage which our country Commercial bank must pass through, can impel our country State-owned Commercial bank enormously the reform. But after the interest rate marketability, the interest rate level change does not decide, Our country Commercial bank which survives under the control possibly can develop the new financial tool for a long time to dodge the interest rate risk without enough time, will certainly to face the stern challenge, this displays in:
1．
Has enlarged the bank rate risk. After the interest rate marketability, the interest rate level ascension and the irregular undulation enlarge, intensified the bank vulnerability, ha have enlarged the bank rate risk. After the interest rate marketability, the interest rate level ascension and the irregular undulation enlarge, intensified the bank vulnerability, have the possibility to cause the bank crisis extremely the occurrence. As a result of our country long-term interest rate control, the interest rate by artificial force down, after the interest rate is let loose, the interest rate level can elevate inevitably. The *ysis indicated that, in the credit activity, along with the real interest rate enhancement, the risk borrower more will become the bank by chance the customer, But loathes the risk originally the enterprise borrowers also favor in change oneself project the nature, enable it to have a higher risk and the income level. The cause property average horizontal drop in quality, the credit risk increases.
Moreover, from looked for a long time that, the interest rate change the fund supply and demand real-time influence, can undulate frequently, but the interest rate undulation namely meant risk existence. How forecast accurately the interest rate change tendency, the reasonable determination has the competitive advantage price water; how assigns scientifically saves, the loan deadline layout, maintains the best advantage bad level;
How forecast accurately the interest rate change tendency, the reasonable determination has the competitive advantage price water � How assigns scientifically saves, the loan deadline layout, maintains the best advantage bad level; How adjusts the property debt structure nimbly,
Enhances prepares pays the level, the active control interest rate forms fluid wind �? How will supervise perfectly restricts the mechani*, prevented has human sentiment interest rate risk and so on, these will all cause the commercial bank faced with the stern test.
2．Leads the service to the commercial bank to have the huge impact. Along with the interest rate marketability, various bank launches the intense contention superiority customer to save the loan war inevitably, the keen competition will cause to save the loan advantage difference large scale deflation. At the same time, the interest rate marketability impetus money market development, the massive enterprise temporary fund no longer rises in value through the deposit form, but is in the capital market, the money market puts in obtains the short-term to receive；Whether there is does the inhabitant also no longer excessively regard as important only contains the risk value deposit interest rate, pays attention contains the risk value the money market to receive �? The bank leadership service will be under the huge impact.
It can be said, after interest rate marketability, bank true competition magic weapon instead outside interest rate method. Because the monetary fund is highly the homogeneity commodity, the grade of service is more important, highly effective, the low cost manages finances the service enable the customer to have a higher income, has the attraction to the customer.
3．Proposed the challenge to the bank management and operation.
Under interest rate control system, regardless of is the interest rate level or counts the rest method all to have the country to decide, regardless of how the country does adjust saves the loan interest rate, all fully considered commercial bank actual situation, maintains the reasonable advantage bad level throughout. Commercial bank's interest rate management is extremely simple, so long as gives according to the People's Bank the fluctuation scope carries out the national interest rate level then, the interest rate change is limited, the interest rate risk is controllable. In such situation, the bank management is inevitably passive. But in under the interest rate marketability condition, the intense market competition forces the bank either to use the price method, through raises the deposit interest rate, reduces the loan interest rate to attract the customer; Either depends upon the high quality service, through the function innovation, the product innovation, the technological innovation satisfies the customer. But this request commercial bank changes present the management, the method and the organization system.
4．Proposed the challenge to the commercial bank staff quality. Along with interest rate marketability reform advancement quickening, the interest rate risk enlarge, will strengthen to the future interest rate trend *yzes and forecast oneself will be very urgent. The state-owned commercial bank seeks the financial professional who needs one batch of this aspect high quality, not only these people must have the deep theory foundation of basic skills, but also must have the rich commercial bank practice experience, Both must thoroughly understand the domestic interest rate change the undulation condition, and must be skilled in the forecast interest rate change tendency. But the present state-owned bank lacks generally can promptly effectively the control and the circumvention interest rate risk tool and the interest rate risk management professional, to the interest rate trend development forecast, the risk recognition and control is weak.
四．The state-owned commercial bank should to strategy
Along with the interest rate marketability advancement, the interest rate is more and more big to the state-owned commercial bank's influence, in this situation, the state-owned commercial bank should seek positively should to the strategy.
1．Establishment finance product fixed price system. In the interest rate marketability situation, whether does the commercial bank draw up a science reasonable fixed price system, has the nimble effective quoted price ability, the realization risk �? Between 20 income balances,
Is key which whether it does develop continually. In this process, must establish the effective comprehensive income reckoning system, the overall evaluation customer comprehensive income which brings to the commercial bank，The customer credit risk size, the loan deadline length is the interest rate risk size, as well as commercial bank's collection fund cost and the operation cost share and so on the aspect questions。
2．Increases the middle service product development ability, the adjustment profit structure. After the interest rate marketability, the bank saves, the loan favorable difference reduces, the profit level reduces, and this request state-owned commercial bank must develop the middle service vigorously. The bank may while develop positively receives on another's behalf, pays on another's behalf and so on service, uses the commercial bank market main body qualifications fully, positively provides the proxy for other financial organ to distribute the bond, the silver card account transfer, the proxy insures, the fund trust, the broker manages finances, The property management, financial consultant, the investment consultation and so on, enhances the middle service to buy a girl child, on own initiative develops the low risk, the high income middle service new variety positively, promotes the bank large scale by this profit ability, promotes the bank sustainable development.
3．Establishes nimbly, the highly effective interest rate management organization, trains the interest rate managerial talent vigorously. According to the Bethel bank supervising and managing committee about the bank effective supervising and managing core principle request, under the interest rate marketability environment, various commercial bank must set up the specialized interest rate risk management department, manages and instructs the entire good interest rate work, Coordinates and coordinates inside and outside the bank to be connected the work. The interest rate control section's most important task is carries on the comprehensive interest rate sensitive tube on the bank asset debt level ; Exterior determination, internal advantage � The definite general headquarters to branch office's interest rate authorization, are responsible for staff interest rate risk management training and so on. In addition, but also should establish the high interest rate information communication channel, after the interest rate marketability, the commercial bank interior enhances greatly about the interest rate information tran*ission effectiveness, guarantees can tran*it promptly general headquarters formulation each interest rate to commercial bank's any business mesh point, guarantees the commercial bank interest rate policy the unity.
4．Speeds up the state-owned commercial bank the property right reform. Stipulated according to "Law of corporation" that, the commercial bank belongs to the competitive profession, does not need to adopt the state-owned sole ownership property right, and does not have the legal barrier to its joint stock system transformation. To the state-owned commercial bank's property right reform, its concrete transformation form establishes the joint stock system commercial bank. The reality in China, in accordance with international practice, and gradually achieve solely by the state to transform the state-owned holding company, and ultimately joint-stock limited companies, and establish corporate system of corporate governance institutions, the establishment of the right to operate, ownership and the right to supervise the separation of the framework, China's commercial banks to become real significance of commercial banks, do business operations.

字太多，发布下，你再见个问题吧，我回答。
率市场化与我国国有商业银行对策

利率市场化的内涵

所谓利率市场化，是指金融市场资金供求双方自主确定利率水平的利率决定机制的变迁过程。具体讲，利率市场化是指中央银行根据货币政策的需要调控基准利率，各商业银行根据资金市场的供求变化自主调节存贷款利率，最终形成以中央银行基准利率为引导，多层次、能够充分体现资金供求状况和反映中央银行货币政策意图的利率运行机制。利率市场化强调利率真实地反映资金成本与供求关系，灵活有效地发挥其经济杠杆作用.

监管机构宣布：“在市场参与者的支持下，SAMA计划在2022年上半年开始使用Open Banking（开放银行）。” 外界推测最大的受益者可能是三个创业公司建设中的区域开放银行业的轨道：沙特*的Lean，总部位于迪拜的DAPI和巴林的Tarabut网关。 巴林Tarabut是在该地区的第一个开放银行业幕后操作。

巴林是中东地区首个在岸金融 科技 监管沙箱的所在地，Tarabut Gateway是该沙箱的首批毕业生之一，成为该地区首家开放银行基础设施提供商，与巴林和区域银行合作，帮助他们推出开放银行服务。

那么沙特开放银行有什么好处？

沙特开放银行允许第三方开发人员从其银行访问客户数据（在他们的许可下），并充当通往诸如会计和个人理财应用程序之类的金融技术平台的桥梁。它可以安全地共享财务和其他数据，从而实现无缝的数字支付和汇款。开放银行业务有望通过开发针对特定客户细分市场的新金融产品降低新参与者的进入壁垒，从而增加该国的竞争。

CNBC报道， 这一决定将为金融 科技 公司和沙特*人带来重大机遇 。沙特王国3400万人口中30岁以下的人口中，约70％的人具有高数字素养，对于金融 科技 提供商和初创企业来说，这是一个利润丰厚的市场。沙特国民和风险资本投资者Tala Al Jabri告诉CNBC，央行的举动“将彻底改变客户，商人和金融机构如何增加他们从访问金融数据中获得的价值。将通过更加重视沙特*人的金融知识和掌握自己的财务状况，开辟更多的机会，超越金融包容性。”

开放银行是怎么运作的？

Almoayed解释说，用户权限是通过Face ID或生物识别数据授予（或撤销）的，这比当前的银行身份验证程序（例如密码）或询问您母亲的娘家姓的安全性高很多倍。开放银行API基础结构中的算法将信息匿名化并进行汇总，以便新技术提供商可以开发由可靠数据支持的新产品和服务。

对电子商务与在线支付的影响是什么？

帮助该地区的开放银行蓬勃发展是两个因素，首先是电子钱包。 今年以来，电子钱包的推出和扩散一直在建设中，但是这种趋势将在2021年的支付世界中占据主导地位。全球移动钱包行业预计将跃升近50％，达到1.47美元的价值。 在疫情中，发展趋势预测2024年将有超过17亿人使用*钱包。

到2021年电子商务和数字支付的激增趋势是一致的，海湾合作委员会（GCC）的消费者中有49％表示他们将更频繁地在网上购物。也由此显示了该地区对移动商务和数字钱包的特别偏爱，其中Apple Pay和Google Pay处于领先地位，并且对该地区流行的付款方式（例如Mada，QPay，BenefitPay和Fawry）的依赖性越来越高。

第二是消费者通过智能*进行在线支付。

中东和北非地区的在线支付渗透率已经达到76％，并且有望提高。电子商务预计将从2017年的83亿美元激增至2022年的285亿美元。在海湾合作委员会中，智能*普及率远高于100％。

除此之外沙特*有 96％ 的居民使用互联网，拥有网上购物账户的成年人口（15 岁以上）的人均占有率为 72％，根据工会的统计的邮政可靠性点： 全球邮政服务为 78 点，2020 年指数的价值约为 72.3 点。

经济顾问认为向电商市场的转变具有重要的积极影响，除了实行 社会 疏离措施之外，由于疫情，大批消费者在宵禁期间转向电子商务。

沙特*占中东和*世界电子商务总量的 45％，沙特*的互联网用户数量已达到 2900 万。

由此可见沙特对电子商务的兴趣是显而易见的，它依赖于实现零售业的发展，并将电子商务作为《2020 年国家转型计划》中的战略目标，并且已经采取了严肃措施，根据法律基础设施来规范电子商务；发行适用于在沙特王国进行此交易并规范关系的所有人电子商务系统。

通过提高交易的可靠性，保护消费者免受欺诈和误导，*电子商务活动，从而在该领域的交易各方之间达成协议，并确保不滥用其个人数据，并使没有商业记录的人能够根据某些控制措施进行电子商务，并迫使服务提供商披露其商业数据。对其进行审查以限制欺诈，并寻求组建具有监督作用的委员会以调查违反系统规定的情况，并且还成立了一个电子商务委员会，其主要承担拟定贸易政策的任务电子立法。

沙特市场对电子商务的兴趣在不断增长，并且将继续克服不利因素带来的影响，这已成为沙特电商平台的一个特色。

由于疫情的影响以及中小企业提供的售后服务，沙特消费者趋势已大幅上升，尤其是沙特市场上的主要商业公司在电商方面已经获得长远发展。

先前对电商准备不充分，导致一些企业遭受了损失，而疫情对传统贸易产生了重大影响，而改变电商文化进程的新冠病毒则与之相反。

有的企业已经一直注意到，自 2019 年以来，沙特*的电子商务一直呈增长趋势，但根据他们的预期，这个数据不会超过 10％，这是大部分企业在疫情出现之前对市场趋势的不正确预判。

尽管电商发展的趋势很明显，有的企业家致力于创建属于自己的电商 App，但是大部分人则押注沙特王国的购物者依然会坚持传统线下购物。而对于过去经常使用的现金支付相比，现在的消费者倾向于数字支付。

不仅如此，电子商务还为沙特居民提供的工作岗位已超过 500,000 个，而大量的就业机会是多种因素而造成的，其中包括企业大规模和快速的转型。根据王国的 2030 年愿景，数字投资项目将在电子商务营销、Web 服务和通过*进行智能营销应用的行业和平台之间有所不同。

Taif 的执行总监 Mona Al-Zahrani 认为，鉴于新冠危机，电子商务市场已经证明了它们的弹性，并在沙特市场面前表现出了更大的挑战，并指出它们为沙特年轻人打开了广阔的视野。

图片丨网络

文丨中东跨境电商汇